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great cormorant
The great cormorant (''Phalacrocorax carbo''), known as the great black cormorant across the Northern Hemisphere, the black cormorant in Australia, the large cormorant in India and the black shag further south in New Zealand, is a widespread member of the cormorant family of seabirds.〔 It breeds in much of the Old World and the Atlantic coast of North America.
==Description==
The great cormorant is a large black bird, but there is a wide variation in size in the species wide range. Weight is reported to vary from 〔 to .〔 Males are typically larger and heavier than females, with the nominate race (''P. c. carbo'') averaging about 10% larger in linear measurements than the smallest race in Europe (''P. c. sinensis'').〔 The lightest average weights cited are in Germany (''P. c. sinensis''), where 36 males averaged and 17 females averaged .〔 The highest come from Prince Edward Island in Canada (''P. c. carbo''), where 11 males averaged and 11 females averaged .〔〔 Length can vary from and wingspan from .〔〔 They are tied as the second largest extant species of cormorant after the flightless cormorant, with the Japanese cormorant averaging at a similar size. In bulk if not in linear dimensions, the Blue-eyed shag species complex of the Southern Oceans are scarcely smaller at average.〔 It has a longish tail and yellow throat-patch. Adults have white patches on the thighs and on the throat in the breeding season. In European waters it can be distinguished from the common shag by its larger size, heavier build, thicker bill, lack of a crest and plumage without any green tinge. In eastern North America, it is similarly larger and bulkier than double-crested cormorant, and the latter species has more yellow on the throat and bill and lack the white thigh patches frequently seen on great cormorants. Great cormorants are mostly silent, but they make various guttural noises at their breeding colonies.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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